The+West+Between+Wars

The West Between Wars 1919-1939 "There is no turning back!" -Fascist Slogan media type="custom" key="15407992"

The Great Depression was triggered by Black Tuesday, which was when the US stock market crashed on October 29, 1929. The Depression did not only affect the United States, but the Europeans who had U.S. bank loans as well. Great Britain had economic problems, France suffered war destruction, and Germany dealt with unemployment and they also owed over $33 billion in war reparations.

Meanwhile, Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce” of Italy, was converting Italy to Fascism. The Fascist Party was formed in 1919. Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel II and he became dictator from 1922 to 1945. In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin was the dictator from 1925 until 1953. The Soviet Union became a Totalitarian state.

Germany had been taken over by the National Socialist German Workers Party, or Nationalso Zialistische (NAZI). Anton Drexler founded this party in 1919 and Adolf Hitler joined in 1920. Hitler created the Nazi Paramilitary Organization to intimidate Jews. Nazi’s gained control of the Reichstag in the Election of 1930 and Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30th, 1933. The burning of the Reichstag took place on February 27th, 1933 and the Enabling Acts, which gave Hitler dictatorial powers, took effective on March 23, 1933. The Jews lost the German Citizenship by the Nuremberg Laws 1935. This is when the concentration camps began.

 __Terms__ media type="custom" key="15408030" __People __
 * __concentration camps-__ a camp where prisoners of war, political prisoners, or members of minority groups are confined, typically under harsh conditions
 * __reichstag__- was the German parliament
 * __uncertainty principle-__ the idea put forth by Heisenberg in 1927 that behavior of subatomic particles is uncertain, suggesting that all of the physical laws governing the universe are based in uncertainty
 * __collective bargaining-__ the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours
 * __depression- __ is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment
 * __deficit spending__- when a government pays out more money than it takes in through taxation and other revenues, thus going into debt
 * __fascism__- a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong centeral government led by a dictatorial ruler
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__totalitarian state__- a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__new economic policy__- a modified version of the old capitalist system adopted by Lenin in 1921 to replace war communism in Russia
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__politburo__- a seven- member committee that became the leading policy- making body of the communist party in Russia
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Hitler- __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"> he was born in Austria on April 20, 1889. He became the ruler of Germany when Hidenburg died in 1934. He also put Jews in concentration camps because he wanted to get rid of them.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Joseph Stalin__- he established a strong personal dictatorship over the soviet Union. He was one of the greatest mass murderers in human history along with HItler and Mussolini.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Benito Mussolini__- he was the founder of the first fascist movement. After being expelled from the socialist party he formed his own political movement, the Fascist movement.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Anton Drexler__- he was the founder in 1919 of the Nazi Party,in 1920 Hitler joined the party.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__King Victor Emmanuel II__- he was the man who appointed Mussolini Prime Minister
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Joseph Goebbels__- he was the minister of porpaganda, he also controled press, radio, and all aspects of culture.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Hirohito__- he was the emperor of Japan in 1926-1989 during the Showa period or Bright Peace on 1926-1945
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Tojo Hideki__- was the war minister and prime minister during World War II
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Pu Yi__- he was the last emperor of China in 1933-1945, he was also known as the puppet ruler of Manchuko.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">__Chiang Kai-shek__- or known as Jiang Jieshi was the president of the republic of China in 1928-1945, he was also the leader of Chinese Nationalist forcecs