Scientific+Revolution+and+Enlightenment

=Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment= Maddie Bryant, Hannah Gad & Mikayla Klein

1500-1600's "And yet it moves!" -Galileo media type="custom" key="12220726" __People__ media type="custom" key="12312328"
 * Sir Isaac Newton- he came up with the Law of Gravity, that all bodies attract each other with a force that can be measured
 * Galileo- "Father of Modern Science" The starry Messenger discovered that the moons of Jupiter showed moons and mountains and aslo sunspots
 * Johannes Kepler- in 1609 he came up with the laws of Planetary Motion, it was planets the revolved around the sun in an elliptical orbit
 * Tycho Brahe- he was the first true astronomer that actually proved Copernicus theory to be true
 * Nicholas Copernicus- a native of Poland, he came up with the idea that the sun was the center not earth, also that the planets revolved around the sun as well.
 * William Harvey- he came up with the on motion of the heart and blood and proved that the beginning point of blood circulation is the heart not the liver
 * Ambroise Pare- he was the founder in 1590 of modern surgery he came up with ointments foe thw wounds and stitch's for people and in ended up actually healing people and taking away the pain
 * Robert Boyle- he was the guy known as the skeptical chemist and in 1661 robert came up with the iddea of chemistry, pure science
 * Antoine Lavisier- he was the guy who founded modern chemistry and nature of combustion, but was beheaded in 1794, it was said that after the fact he blinked at least 12 times
 * Gabriel Fahrenheit- he was a german physicist in 1720 who came up with the first thermometer



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__Terms __
 * Geocentric- earth centered; a system of planetary motion that places Earth at the center of the universe, with the sun, moon, and other planets revolving around
 * Heliocentric- sun centered; the system of the universe proposed in 1543 by Nicholas Copernicus, who argued that the earth abd planets revolve around the sun
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Ptolemaic system- the geocentric model of the univerde that prevalied in the middle ages; named after the astronomer Ptolemy, who lived in Alexandria during the second century A.D.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">Inductive reasoning- the doctrine that scientists should proceed from the particular to the general by making systematic observations and carefully organized experments to test hypotheses or theories, a process that will lead to correct general principles
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">deism- an eighteeth- century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">philosophe- French for "philosopher"; applied to all intellectuals writers, journalists, economists, and social reformers during the Enlightenment
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">rationalism- a system of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">scientific method- a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence, the method was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">seperation of powers- a form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">universal law of gravitation- one of the three rules of motion governing the planetary bodies set forth by Sir Isaac Newton in his Principia;

Ptolemy, an astronomer, was the considered the greatest astronomer of antiquity. His ideas were used as the basis of the Ptolemaic system, which uses Earth at the center of the universe. Copernicus, a mathematician, however, believed that the Sun was the center of the universe rather than the Earth. Johannes Kepler studied planetary movement that confirmed that the universe was indeed heliocentric. This newfound discovery led scientists to make new hypotheses about the universe. Galileo Galilei, a mathematician, was the first to make observations using a telescope. He was the one to discover mountains on the Moon, moons revolving around Jupiter, and sunspots. Isaac Newton, a mathematics professor, created the three laws of motion. An important argument of his was the universal law of gravitation. During this time, people were trying to understand science as well as they could, which resulted in creating the scientific method. The Enlightenment, an eighteenth-century philosophical movement, was especially influenced by Isaac Newton and John Locke. Many French philosophers, known as philosophe, changed the world with their ideas. More ideas were contributed with each coming generation. Three of the main French philosophers were Montesquieu (known for The Spirit of the Laws), Voltaire (known for his Treatise on Toleration) and Diderot (known for the Encyclopedia). By the 1760s, one of the most famous mature philosophes was Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who presented his idea of social contract. The Enlightenment also made a large impact on eighteenth century arts, music, and literature. The palace at Versailles obviously impacted Europe greatly. Balthasar Neumann was considered one of the greatest architects of the time; he built the Church of the Fourteen Saints and the Residence. In the 1730s, an art style known as rococo spread across Europe. Rococo was different from baroque, because while baroque was a powerful style, rococo was gentler. Famous rococo artists include Antoine Watteau and Giovanni Battista Riepolo, who painted the ceiling of the bishop’s residence at Wurzburg. Some of the most influential musicians of this time were Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart. The Enlightenment also greatly impacted literature, shown in Henry Fielding’s The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling.
 * Revolution and Enlightenment**

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[|Galileo] [|Isaac Newton Biography] [|The Scientific Revolution] [|Scientific Revolution for Kids] [|Scientific Method] [|The Universal Law of Gravitation] [|The Enlightenment] [|Tycho Brahe] [|Antoine Lavoisier] [|The Ptolemaic System]